Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Testing: What May Be Evaluated

When Is Testing Recommended After Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?

Recurrent pregnancy loss describes repeated pregnancy losses and may prompt a more focused evaluation to look for potentially contributing factors. The decision about when and how to evaluate recurrent loss depends on pregnancy history, age, previous testing and individual clinical circumstances.

The purpose of testing is not to assume that every recurrent loss has an identifiable cause. Rather, an evaluation can look for genetic, uterine, hormonal and other factors that may be relevant and determine whether any findings could change future pregnancy or fertility treatment planning.

Why Is the Evaluation Individualized?

Pregnancy loss can occur for different reasons, and more than one factor may be considered during an evaluation. A fertility specialist reviews the timing and number of losses, prior pregnancy and treatment history, medical history and existing results before determining which tests are clinically appropriate.

What Tests May Be Included in the Evaluation?

Testing after recurrent pregnancy loss is individualized, but the evaluation may examine several categories of factors that can contribute to pregnancy loss.

Genetic Evaluation

Genetic testing may be considered to look for chromosomal factors in the pregnancy tissue or, in selected circumstances, in the intended parents. The appropriate approach depends on pregnancy history and what testing has already been performed.

Uterine Evaluation

Ultrasound, saline sonography, hysteroscopy or other imaging may be used to evaluate the uterine cavity and identify structural findings that could be relevant to pregnancy.

Hormonal and Medical Testing

Selected bloodwork may evaluate thyroid function or other medical and hormonal factors when clinically indicated. Additional testing may be appropriate based on personal and family medical history.

Not every available test is useful for every patient. A fertility specialist can prioritize evaluations supported by the patient’s history and determine which results could meaningfully influence care.

What Factors Can Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Testing Evaluate?

Recurrent pregnancy loss can have several potential contributors, and sometimes no single explanation is identified even after a thorough evaluation. Testing focuses on factors that may be clinically relevant and potentially influence future care.

Genetic Factors

Chromosomal abnormalities are an important cause of pregnancy loss. Depending on the circumstances, genetic evaluation of pregnancy tissue or parental chromosomes may provide useful information.

Uterine Factors

Structural findings within the uterus, including certain fibroids, polyps, adhesions or congenital differences, may be considered during evaluation.

Hormonal, Medical and Other Factors

Thyroid disorders and selected medical conditions may be evaluated when appropriate. A physician may also consider other evidence-based testing based on pregnancy history and individual risk factors.

The evaluation is designed to identify actionable findings when possible while recognizing that not every pregnancy loss can be explained by diagnostic testing.